Researchers at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in Australia have introduced a novel fire-resistant spray aimed at decreasing the flammability of cotton fabrics. Tailored for everyday items such as clothing and bedding found in most households, this innovative solution could provide essential protection for individuals residing in areas vulnerable to bushfires or during emergencies.
This water-based spray forms an almost invisible protective barrier on fabric, maintaining the material’s softness and breathability—critical challenges often faced when applying coatings to textiles, according to a university announcement.
Guan Yeoh and his team from the mechanical and manufacturing engineering department dedicated the past two years to developing this formula, which received funding through a $5 million grant from the Australian government as part of the ARC Research Hub for Fire Resilience Infrastructure, Assets and Safety Advancements (FRIASA).
“We’ve created a solution that remains odorless and preserves the softness of cotton after application. The clothing retains its original feel,” Yeoh stated.
The spray consists of non-toxic components, including phosphorous and nitrogen, which serve as binding agents, along with a water-soluble cellulose extract. This organic, plant-derived compound is rich in carbon and can be sourced from cotton, wood pulp, or other plant biomass.
When these elements are mixed, they produce a thin protective layer that adheres well to natural fibers like cotton. The phosphorous component enhances the carbon layer, effectively repelling heat.
“In our final formulation, we use only about 10 to 15 percent concentration to facilitate easy spraying and rapid drying,” said Yeoh, who directs the ARC Research Hub for FRIASA.
“This results in a fabric that not only resists burning but also significantly minimizes heat transfer without altering stiffness or color. Plus, since the spray bottle is completely sealed to prevent oxidation, it boasts a long shelf life—if stored properly, it can last over a year,” he added.
A significant advantage of this spray is its durability: it can tolerate light water exposure but will completely dissolve during a thorough wash.
Collaborating with N2N AI, a company focused on artificial intelligence solutions, Yeoh is optimistic that this product will be available commercially within the upcoming year.
